by Terrance Dicks
DOCTOR WHO AND THE GENESIS OF THE DALEKS
First published 22 July 1976*, between The Seeds of Doom and The Masque of Mandragora
*http://tardis.wikia.com/wiki/Doctor_Who_and_the_Genesis_of_the_Daleks_(novelisation)
"He couldn't resist the idea of a chance to defeat his oldest enemies once and for all"
This feels ridiculously faithful, right down to the ending with the Time Ring and the tumbling through ‘spinning blackness’ to the Doctor’s final ‘echoing’ lines (by contrast, the next novelisation, Doctor Who and the Web of Fear, will completely skip over Salamander’s flushing into space at the start). Where The Revenge of the Cybermen cut out water-based escapades and brought in added political machinations, it feels like Doctor Who and the Genesis of the Daleks has painstakingly preserved every capture, every escape, every move between Kaled city and Thal city via clam-infested tunnels, every where’s-the-time-ring?-there’s-the-time-ring moment (WARNING: This is probably not strictly true). Even the Doctor-on-a-landmine scene, described by Lawrence Miles and Tat Wood as ‘pointless messing about’ which the viewer can ‘safely fast-forward through’, is preserved despite its job of cementing the parallel between the Thal-Kaled war setting and World War I being made unnecessary by Dicks busily making the parallel explicit.
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Actually, the issue isn’t so much that Dicks keeps all these ‘adventure-serial moments’, as Miles and Wood term them, but that he takes them for granted. That landmine scene, for example, gets stripped down to barely a page so that it can’t offer the same tension it had on screen (am I the only one who actually quite likes that scene?). Where on TV there’s a sense of the old-fashioned Who format running smack into something much grimmer and bigger than usual, in the novelisation it feels like a regression to the era of Terry Nation Dan Dare-style fare. The one time Dicks does obviously tweak anything, it’s not to add any depth or mood to proceedings but to fix the timings of Davros’s visit to the Thal council, the Doctor and Harry now bizarrely choosing to grab something to eat before they rush off on the terribly important business of rescuing Sarah and giving Davros the chance to slip across ahead of them.
On top of that, Dicks also manages to channel the worst instincts of the next most significant Dalek writer after Nation, David Whitaker’s disquiet around deformity in Doctor Who storming back to the fore – Sevrin the muto is ‘a hideous shapeless something’ and the Dalek creatures are ‘hideously deformed’. The insistence on the hideousness of anything mutant, and, in the case of the second quote, the attribution of that perspective to the Doctor, is bad enough but it’s pretty fatal in a story that’s supposed to be busy demonstrating the dangers of Nazism. It’s a bit rich of the Doctor to react to Nyder’s insistence that ‘The Kaled race must be kept pure’ with ‘horror’ at the abandonment of the ‘genetic wounded’ (also unfortunate considering the real world connotations but more forgivable in-story) when he’s already described mutations to Harry as the stuff of ‘nightmares’.
This all gets especially problematic around Davros. Miles and Wood suggest that, in the script, the genetic purity-obsessed Kaleds’ deference to their great scientist is ‘a deliberate contradiction, in much the same way that Hitler wasn’t an Aryan’ so it’s a bit odd that the novelisation decides to articulate the horror of Davros through judgements on how he doesn’t measure up to Aryan standards. Apparently, ‘the most horrifying thing about [him] was his face’, which just makes you wonder which other aspects of his physiognomy Dicks is implying are ‘horrifying’. His ‘ghastly skull-like head’, perhaps? His one arm? His failure to continue below the torso? Certainly as far as Harry is concerned, Davros’s injuries, despite his still being mentally capable and physically independent (bar the odd idiotically-placed safe), have reduced him to an existence to which ‘death would surely be preferable’ and the narration itself seems to be responsible for describing a wheelchair-bound life as something that should properly render a person ‘pitiful’. Does Dicks think the biggest problem with Nazism was the hypocritical gap between their ideology and the appearance of their leader?
Where the novelisation does come together, though, is in clarifying the link between the story and its setting at the end of ‘a thousand years of war’. The Doctor enters the story secretly eager ‘to defeat his oldest enemies once and for all’ before being thrown into what on TV constituted a four-parter of grim nastiness culminating in the destruction of the Kaled city. Dicks goes further than the broadcast episodes in emphasising how like the ending of a war film this all is, with ‘Corridors, streets, squares and walkways […] jammed with excited revellers’, people going to kiss random strangers and food, drink and parties everywhere. And the Doctor stands apart ‘appalled’, confronted by ‘the corrupting brutality of war’ as the Thals cheer the deaths of ‘Thousands of their fellow-creatures’.
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Then the Doctor has his little chat with Davros. Unlike on TV, he paraphrases Davros’s insistence that ‘The Daleks are the power not of evil but of good’ back at him before proposing the ‘virus […] that could destroy all life’. This sets the discussion up as a test of Davros’s sincerity (or just a counterargument based on an instinctive distrust of justifying evil by the ‘good [that] may come’) and it’s one Davros gleefully fails, too exhilarated by the prospect of eradicating all life – just look at all those exclamation marks – to maintain the pretence of ‘reasoning’.
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Obviously, he’s mad but more is done than on TV to suggest his worldview is a product of his context. His near-death to an ‘atomic shell’, which it seems he survived through sheer force of will alone, has led to a desire to ‘perpetuate himself’ forever through the Daleks and the necessary self-reliance implied the manner he ‘clung to life, and himself designed the mobile life-support system in which you see him’ bred an aspiration to ‘total power’. His campaign to ‘set [himself] among the Gods’ is a battle against dependence and vulnerability.
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Beyond that, he’s in the middle of a thousand-year war that has persisted in stalemate for generations, and would have continued to do so without Davros’s interventions, so a craving for its end that trumps all other concerns is hardly extraordinary. This is a war in which being ‘afflicted with a conscience’ would be a ‘weakness’, an active obstacle to finding a way to end it. No wonder there’s even a suggestion that he’s operated on himself to make himself more ruthless. And even then his inability to see any tension between ‘good’ and ‘death on an enormous scale’ is mirrored in the Thals’ joy at mass slaughter.
After all this, the Doctor finally gets his chance to wipe the Daleks from the face of history. Crucially, it’s not just ‘the moral issue’ holding him back, as it seems to be on TV, but also ‘sadness’ at the prospect of what he’s about to do – he refuses to be like the cheering Thals, who he presumably views as ‘no better than the Daleks’ for (as far as they know) wiping out ‘a whole intelligent life form’, and he refuses to be like Davros, using the end of war as justification for any act. Sarah tries to persuade him he’s wrong to feel such qualms, insisting he wouldn’t hesitate confronted with a ‘bacteria that had caused some terrible disease’, but he’s learnt not to depersonalise the enemy in that way anymore. Dicks has turned ‘Genesis of the Daleks’ into an anti-war text. Good on him. Only problem is that it ends with the Doctor actually going back and blowing up the Daleks…
Presumably, there’s a deliberate echo in Sarah’s argument of the Doctor’s earlier proposition to Davros of ‘a virus […] that could destroy all life’. A lot is made of how the Daleks are ‘machine’ creatures ‘without feeling or emotion’ and, in that context, Sarah’s verdict on them as akin to a ‘disease’ makes sense – their only purpose is to perpetuate their own survival so the universe can never be safe as long as they exist and wiping them out’s not going to make them suffer because they can’t feel anything. But a lot is also made of how that’s a design choice on Davros’s part. Indeed, he’s shown still in the process of making the ‘changes’ necessary to reduce them to mere ‘weapons’, less a species more ‘the supreme war-machine’.
That’s why the Doctor favours Gharman’s solution, preventing the, as the scientist terms it, ‘enormous mental defects’ from being introduced to the Daleks’ make-up in the first place to blowing up the tanks and all their occupants. And that’s also why, when it’s clear Ghaman has failed, he returns to try and blow up the tanks without a moment’s hesitation. Yes, with hindsight, Sarah is right to lament that, had Gharman just ‘arrived a moment later[,] The Doctor might have decided to set off those explosives after all’ and everything would have been nicely done and dusted, but it is only once Davros has succeeded that her analogy with ‘bacteria’ becomes accurate and blowing up the tanks stops being mass slaughter and effectively becomes gun control.
‘Sarah felt everything dissolve into spinning blackness. But somehow she could still hear the Doctor's voice echoing hollowly’
‘pointless messing about with the landmine in episode one (a scene which the modern viewer can, and usually does, safely fast-forward through)’
Lawrence Miles and Tat Wood, About Time 4
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'Worn with a gas mask straight out of the First World War?'
‘It was guarded by an elaborate system of interconnecting trenches, similar to those that had covered Europe during the First World War’
‘Terry Nation still feels the need to shove in as many adventure-serial moments as possible’
Lawrence Miles and Tat Wood, About Time 4
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‘I'm as anxious to rescue Sarah as you are, Doctor, but do you think there'd be time for a bite to eat first? It's been all go since we arrived’
‘a hideous shapeless something’
‘“you just abandon your genetic wounded?” There was horror in the Doctor's voice. “The Kaled race must be kept pure. The imperfect are rejected”’
‘long rows of tanks, holding twisted, hideously deformed shapes. Then the Doctor moved him aside, sliding the shutter closed. “I wouldn't, Harry. Not unless you want to lay in a permanent stock of nightmares”’
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‘The Kaled race believes in keeping itself pure. [This doesn’t seem to apply to Davros… as written in the script, this seems to be a deliberate contradiction, in much the same way that Hitler wasn’t an Aryan.]’
Lawrence Miles and Tat Wood, About Time 4
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‘the most horrifying thing about Davros was his face’ – why’s everyone so horrified by the sight of him? What are the other horrifying things?
‘Davros bowed his ghastly skull-like head’
‘Harry said nothing. To himself he thought that death would surely be preferable to the kind of existence Davros must be leading now’
‘Helpless in his chair, Davros should have been pitiful. Instead, he was terrifying’
‘Skaro—after a thousand years of war between Kaleds and Thals’
‘He couldn't resist the idea of a chance to defeat his oldest enemies once and for all’
‘The Doctor made his way with difficulty through the rejoicing Thal City. The place was completely roofed-in, like one enormous building. Corridors, streets, squares and walkways were jammed with excited revellers, all celebrating the end of a war which had been going on their whole lives. It was rather like being forced to attend an enormous, noisy party when not really in the mood. People hugged the Doctor, slapped him on the back and even tried to kiss him. Others pressed food and drink on him, and urged him to join parties in their homes’
‘Only the Doctor sat silent, his head slumped on his chest, appalled as always by the corrupting brutality of war. Thousands of their fellow-creatures dead, and these people were cheering. On top of that, there was his own, personal loss. He had sent Sarah and Harry back to the Kaled City’
‘“The Daleks are the power not of evil but of good!” The discussion seemed to revive the Doctor a little. He leaned forward in his chair. “Evil that good may come, eh? Tell me, Davros, if you had created a virus in your laboratory, one that could destroy all life—would you use it?” Davros seemed fascinated by the concept. “To know that life and death on an enormous scale was within my choice... that the pressure of my thumb breaking the glass of a capsule could end everything... such power would set me among the Gods... yes, I would do it! And through the Daleks I shall have such power!” The Doctor abandoned any faint hope he might have had of reasoning with Davros. He knew he was looking upon the face of utter madness’
‘“An atomic shell struck his laboratory during a Thal bombardment,” whispered Ronson. “His body was shattered, but he refused to die. He clung to life, and himself designed the mobile life-support system in which you see him”’
‘Davros has one of the finest scientific minds in existence. But he has a fanatical desire to perpetuate himself in his creation’
Nyder: ‘We cannot allow this investigation. The stupidest councillors cannot fail to see that the Daleks will give you total power’
‘you have weaknesses. Ones that I have eliminated from myself, and from my Daleks. You are afflicted with a conscience’ – the suggestion that he’s ‘eliminated [it] from himself’ is new. Is that self-discipline or a genetic intervention like that he wants for the Dalek creatures?
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‘Sarah looked at him, unable to believe that the Doctor was held up by ethical scruples at a time like this. But the Doctor was perfectly serious. To him the moral issue was real and vital’
‘As the Doctor looked down at her, Sarah was surprised to see the sadness in his eyes’
‘if I wipe out a whole intelligent life form, I'll be no better than the Daleks myself’
‘Suppose it was a question of wiping out the bacteria that caused some terrible disease. You wouldn't hesitate then, would you?’ – she’s got him bang to rights there. He’s happily wiped all sorts of shit out
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‘Davros is creating a machine creature’
‘“It will mean creatures without conscience. No sense of right or wrong, no pity. They'll be completely without feeling or emotion.” “That is correct. That is the purpose of the changes”’
‘“my Daleks do survive?” “As machines of war, weapons of hate”’
‘they are the supreme war-machine’
‘the changes you outline will create enormous mental defects’
‘At the back of her mind, Sarah was wishing Gharman had arrived a moment later. The Doctor might have decided to set off those explosives after all…’
Are You Sitting Comfortably..?
‘The Doctor was seeing, at close range and in clear lighting, the strange being Sarah had only glimpsed during the secret test in the ruined building’
Height Attack!!
Sevrin is a ‘giant mutant’, ‘a huge twisted figure in a shapeless fur hood’ with ‘huge hands’
Dicksisms
Sometimes, the joy of a turn of phrase has to trump its inappropriateness - ‘The Time Lord looked thoughtfully at him and began to stroll across the battlefield, with the air of someone taking a turn on the lawn at a garden party’ and the fantastic ‘“Just keep running,” called the Doctor, and shot off across the battlefield like an ostrich’
And sometimes Dicks is just really good – Sarah gets dangled off the rigging because ‘The Guard Captain knew he would be punished because of the prisoners' revolt, and the knowledge made him cruel’ and the Doctor fails so badly to affect event son Skaro he’s ‘lashed by the arms into a wheeled metal chair and shoved into a corner, a piece of unimportant, unfinished business to be dealt with later’
There’s some nice work done with the mutos, suggesting they can be read as sympathetic despite their circumstances and even as a lesson in what the Daleks could have been, especially when Sevrin pleads with his fellows to shun the creed of their planet: ‘Why must we always destroy beauty, kill another creature because it is different?’. This gets utterly undermined when late on Dicks puts a remarkably harsh attitude to their nature into the mind of the Doctor: ‘Of all the times to run into a hostile muto, thought the Doctor despairingly. Enemies to everything but their own twisted and abandoned kind, the mutos attacked all strangers on sight’
The increased brutality of the Hinchcliffe era also doesn’t do Dicks any favours. Having shoved in a fight where none exists on TV, he provides the disjointed spectre of a World War I trench playing host to Edwardian-style gentlemen’s rules boxing and alien martial arts: ‘They put up a splendid fight. Harry had boxed for the Navy in his time and he dealt out straight rights, lefts and uppercuts in the best traditions of the boxing ring. The Doctor fought in a whirl of long arms and legs, using the techniques of Venusian Aikido, to drop one opponent after another’. I'm not very keen on 'splendid' either
‘Sarah was a slim, pretty girl in fashionable clothes’
- why do female companions never need more
than this as a description?
‘Sarah obeyed—it was no time to argue’ – odd
choice of words, as if Sarah only ever argues to
be heard rather than to communicate a better
understanding of the situation than others
‘Sarah turned to see the black bulk of a hooded creature looming over her. The shock was too much, and she fainted dead away’ - what is Dicks's obsession with fainting women?
‘she'd always believed she was the sort of girl who never fainted’ – fat chance when Dicks has the pen…
‘Strange how all wars were the same, thought
the Doctor. The staff back at H.Q. always had
better conditions than the men actually out
fighting…’ - I do sometimes worry that Dicks's
instinctive distrust of bosses might come from a
lifetime's self-employment rather than any political
convictions. Still, right on...

References I Didn't Get
‘A star shell burst over their heads’ – in Wikipedia’s lovely turn of phrase: ‘designed for illumination rather than arson’ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(projectile))
‘Now what was it they said on Earth, back in the Kaiser's day? The Doctor smiled round at the soldiers. “Kamerade?” he said hopefully’ – After a bit of hunting, I still don’t get this...
Miscellania
Escape (in)to Danger count: FOUR. Chapter 5 here, to add to Doctor Who, Doctor Who and the Zarbi and Doctor Who and the Curse of Peladon
‘Harry could not resist a joke. He looked at the others, hurt at their lack of reaction. “Rock music—cave man—get it?”’ – has anyone writing these seen Ian Marter’s performance?
‘If these Daleks are as bad as you say, it'll be a pleasure to help scuttle 'em’ – does Harry view everything as a boat?
The Doctor sees Davros for the first time: ‘even he was not prepared for the strange apparition that glided into the room’ – have I just always taken Davros’s appearance for granted? Is he really that remarkable?
‘our machine is now fitted with a tactile organ and a means of self-defence’ – so the plunger was always feely?
Diversity amongst Daleks?: ‘Greenish light from the tanks filled the room. Inside those tanks ghastly shaped creatures twisted and writhed in agitation, while in the darker corners of the room other monstrosities cowered away timidly’
Nyder’s a bit of an odd fish in the novelisation. First off: ‘“That's a very harsh policy.” Nyder shifted uncomfortably’ – is the suggestion that Nyder has some qualms he has to fight down? Or that he just doesn’t like confrontation? Then there’s the lovely revelation of the child-like bully stripped of a system in which to make sense: ‘Nyder had grown so used to the support of Davros that without it he felt lost and abandoned’. And finally, there’s a brutal and casually dismissive death:’ Still the Dalek did not move. Nyder sighed. He moved toward the control panel. “All right, I'll do it...” He reached for the control. Almost casually, the nearest Dalek swivelled round and blasted him down. Davros looked on unbelievingly as Nyder's smoking body twisted and fell’ – what I don’t get is the sigh. Does he view the Daleks as useful soldiers but a bit thick so he thinks it’s not doing as Davros says because it doesn’t understand? Does he immediately see the bud of a new rebellion immediately replacing the one Davros just wiped out making everything they’ve just done pointless?
‘A wild thought struck the Doctor. He looked at the ends of the two wires, so very near each other.... It might work, he thought. Suddenly the Doctor leaped from cover and zigzagged down the corridor in full view of the Dalek. It fired, missed, fired again. The second blast missed too, and the Doctor leaped into a side corridor out of sight. Angrily the Dalek started in pursuit. As it glided down the corridor the metal of its body casing, vibrant with static electricity, passed over the two wires and completed the circuit. There was a huge detonation and the wall of the incubator room exploded outward’ – 1, it’s suddenly an actual plan in the book, which is extraordinary. 2, it’s actually not so extraordinary when Dicks explains it’s the detail of the blanket of static electricity under the Dalek’s skirt that connects the wires, rather than them being pushed together. But where’d he get that detail from? Told you he’d been reading up his Whitaker